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Rethinking Africa’s Wildlife Conservation Beyond Colonial-Era Policies

Rethinking Africa’s Wildlife Conservation Beyond Colonial-Era Policies
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Wildlife conservation across Africa continues to raise questions about colonial-era policies, community rights, and who benefits from protecting the continent’s natural heritage. Experts increasingly emphasize the need to balance biodiversity protection with the livelihoods and traditional knowledge of local populations.
For decades, conservation approaches have often restricted communities’ access to ancestral lands and excluded them from decisions affecting their environments. Greater community participation and benefit-sharing are increasingly recognized as essential to sustainable wildlife protection.
Global South Pole spoke to Dr. Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka, Uganda’s first wildlife veterinarian and founder of Conservation Through Public Health, about colonial legacies in wildlife governance and the importance of community-led conservation.
Kalema-Zikusoka argued that conservation works best when local communities participate directly, receive employment opportunities, and benefit from tourism revenue. She stressed that conservation policies should recognize local knowledge and empower residents to become active partners in protecting wildlife.
“Conservation has to change. It has to be more grassroots. It has to be community-led. […] Even if you have a high value model where people pay a lot of money, if the communities don’t benefit, you won’t get very far. […] So communities need to be at the center of all conservation efforts,” Kalema-Zikusoka said.
To listen to the whole discussion, tune in to the Global South Pole podcast, brought to you by Sputnik Africa.

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