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Africa’s Hidden Soil Life Could Hold Keys to Food Security

Africa’s Hidden Soil Life Could Hold Keys to Food Security
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Africa's land can begin losing its ability to support plants and agriculture long before degradation becomes visible. Scientists are increasingly looking beneath the surface, where microscopic organisms respond rapidly to heat, water stress, and changing soil conditions, potentially providing an early warning of ecosystems moving towards aridity.
Soil microbes are largely invisible, but they perform functions that are fundamental to healthy agricultural land, from cycling nutrients to helping plants access nitrogen and retain moisture. When these microbial communities begin to disappear, the soil can gradually lose some of the functions that allow it to remain fertile and productive.
The Global South Pole podcast spoke with Dr. Marc Van Goethem, a microbial ecologist at the University of Pretoria, to examine how studying microorganisms beneath Africa’s soils could help detect land degradation earlier, protect agricultural productivity, and inform more targeted approaches to soil management.
Van Goethem explained that microbial communities respond to environmental stress much faster than plants and animals, making them potential indicators of changes taking place before visible damage appears. He said identifying which microbes disappear as soils degrade could help researchers develop an early warning system, allowing action to be taken before restoring soil fertility becomes more difficult and expensive.

"We need to use it [soil microbes research] as a springboard to bring on international partners to invest more in Africa, to study more of Africa, and to understand what makes our continent so beautiful and so diverse. Even within our country borders, there is so much variety in each of our countries, and that variety extends to the soil microbiome," Dr. Van Goethem stressed.

To listen to the whole discussion, tune in to the Global South Pole podcast, brought to you by Sputnik Africa.

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