"I think we need to understand that during the emergency of 1952, the British set up a parallel system. They had the prison system, and then now they set up this parallel system of concentration camps. The point of the concentration camps was to avoid the judicial process [...]. So the emergency law allowed for detention without trial [...]. The Mau Mau was a movement that began, I would say, [when] the seed started to be planted in the 1920s of mainly people from the Kikuyu community because these were the people whose land was taken by the settlers, and they were being deported to the Rift Valley in some cases. Another thing that made them revolt was that even when Africans would try to build schools and to start businesses for alternative means of earning a living, the British would pass laws that would prevent that kind of thing [...]. The point is that Africans fought back against their colonization, and the British were very brutal. The instructions that were given by the British top bureaucrats were that no information should leave the [penal] colony that will embarrass Her Majesty's government. So remember, the British have propped themselves up as a civilizing agent," Njoya explained.