This evolving approach reflects a broader strategic recalibration. African states face complex security demands, from counterterrorism and border surveillance to peacekeeping and rapid response. In that context, modernization is no longer simply about acquiring advanced fighter jets. It is about aligning doctrine, budgets, infrastructure, and training with missions that are immediate and enduring. Speaking on Global South Pole, South African forensic psychologist and military analyst Dr. Joan Swart, described this moment as one of transition and growing strategic awareness.
She explained that African air forces are moving toward modernization in intent and doctrine, but that ambition must be balanced with practical capability. In her view, next-generation combat on the continent is less about stealth fighters and more about reliable multi-role aircraft, improved surveillance systems, drones, airlift capacity, and integrated command structures. She stressed that maintenance, pilot training, logistics, and long-term sustainment are as significant as acquisition itself. Without those foundations, even advanced aircraft cannot deliver meaningful security outcomes.
"I think African air power today is best understood as being in a period of transition, maybe I can call it strategic awakening, where ambition and awareness have advanced faster, unfortunately than actual capability. So, over the past decade, there's been a clear shift in how African states view air power. It's no longer just about prestige or even about transport, but it's seen more and more as a core tool for security, deterrence and rapid response. And you asked about doctrinal focus, I think it's increasingly moving towards the functional areas, the sort of priorities that air forces need to look at, which is counterterrorism operations, border surveillance and control, internal stability, and then regional peacekeeping and crisis response," Dr. Swart explained.
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