'Courage, Compassion and Commitment': Nigeria Celebrates 63 Years of Independence

This day holds immense significance as it symbolizes Nigeria's attainment of independence and sovereignty. On this occasion, Sputnik Africa provides an overview of the holiday's history and Nigerian traditions in its celebration.

The West African nation was first colonized by the British and Portuguese in the late 15th century. They used Nigeria's ports for both goods and people trade as part of the Transatlantic slave trade. The British invaded Lagos in 1851 and annexed it in 1865. Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901, which meant it was officially under the control of the British Empire.

The Northern Nigeria Protectorate and Southern Nigeria Protectorate united in 1917 to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, which later became modern-day Nigeria.

After the World War II, demands to halt the brutal and exploitative colonial governance of the British Empire spread throughout Africa. Following a prolonged struggle for sovereignty, Nigeria eventually obtained full independence from British rule on October 1, 1960. The country received its Freedom Charter from Princess Alexandra of Kent, who represented the Queen of the UK at the Nigerian independence ceremonies.

The occasion was celebrated with spectacular fireworks displays, dancing, and a state banquet attended by Princess Alexandra. Nigeria's first Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa proclaimed the independence of his country during a speech delivered alongside the princess at the venue formerly known as the "Race Course," which was subsequently renamed Tafawa Balewa Square. The site is now the most well-known monument of the country's independence.

Currently, the square's main arena is used to host various public events, most notably the annual Independence Day celebrations held every October 1.

Initially, the country was a parliamentary democracy with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. However, in 1963, Nigeria transitioned to a federal republic and ratified a new constitution. Nnamdi Azikiwe, a former governor-general, assumed the role of Nigeria's first president.

Since 1960, October 1 has been a day for Nigerians to celebrate their independence. Whether they celebrate on the streets or in one of the renovated vestiges of the colonial era, it has always been an opportunity to commemorate the nation's independence and liberation from colonial rule, as well as to pay tribute to those who have contributed to its sovereignty.

The day of celebration typically commences with the president's morning address, which is broadcast on radio or television and officially initiates the festivities. Following this, the Nigerian flag is ceremonially hoisted, and an Independence cake is cut, typically featuring the flag's colors.

Moreover, there is an official parade comprising bands, music, dancing, and a processional changing of the guard. The annual civil-military parade is attended by senior members of the Nigerian Presidential Cabinet. During the event, the president, acting as Commander-in-Chief, along with the Commander of the Presidential Guard Brigade, conducts an inspection of the guard of honor from various paramilitary forces, including the Nigerian Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, and Security and Civil Defense Corps.

Independence Day celebrations usually feature songs and dances that portray the diverse ethnic groups that make up Nigeria, thereby guaranteeing fair representation of all.

Speaking in a national broadcast to mark Nigeria's 63rd Independence Day anniversary, President Bola Tinubu emphasized that the day serves as a reminder of the significance of unity, diversity, and the pursuit of a better future for all citizens, without regard for their background. On this occasion, the president congratulated Nigerians in his address and encouraged their collective collaboration in addressing challenges ahead.